Colombia, Plan Colombia, and Andean Security Policy
Research
Bibliography/Internet Resources
     
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
 
 

War on Drugs in The Andean Region
[Back to Contents]

Websites
Articles and Book Chapters

Books and Monographs
Other References
U.S. Government, Colombian Government, and International Documents

Websites

Acción Andina: Bolivia (in Spanish)
Acción Andina es una plataforma que agrupa investigadores, activistas e instituciones de la región andino-amazónica. Todos comparten una preocupación por los problemas socioeconómicos, ambientales, políticos y de violencia generados tanto por la economía de las drogas ilegales como por las políticas de guerra que pretenden combatirlas.

AlterNet
AlterNet is a project of the Independent Media Institute, a nonprofit organization dedicated to strengthening and supporting independent and alternative journalism. Provides news and articles on the War on Drugs.

Andean Information Network
NGO that seeks peaceful long-term solutions to the social conflicts, injustices, and inequalities created and exacerbated by the U.S. War on Drugs in Bolivia.

Cultivos Ilícitos. Impacto Ambiental y Erradicación (in Spanish)
Sitio oficial colombiano con información técnica sobre el impacto ambiental de los programas de erradicación de cultivos ilícitos.

Ejército Mexicano: Operaciones contra el Narcotráfico (in Spanish)
Página oficial que describe el accionar del Ejército de México en la lucha contra el Narcotráfico.

Embassy of Colombia in Washington: Illicit Drugs
A balance of Drug Trafficking in Colombia: Problem, Effect, Response and Strategy.

(Indepaz) Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo y la Paz (in Spanish)
ONG que tiene como objeto ayudar a gestar y consolidar en Colombia un clima de reconciliación, diálogo, no violencia y respeto a la vida humana que contribuya a construir en el país una paz integral. Este website tiene una sección especial con artículos soble el Plan Colombia y Cultivos Ilícitos.

Mama Coca (English/Español)
Mama Coca propose a public debate with the analytical and well-supported elements required to grasp the complexity of Colombia's domestic conflict and the particularities of the 'drug' issue in the Andean-Amazon Region. The publication of this journal is a manifest attempt at promoting a think tank through which we might exchange valuable information among scholars, activists, analysts and journalists aiming at furthering the understanding required to put forward collective, regional, feasible, peaceful proposals for the Americas. Mama Coca propone un espacio para el debate público y fundamentado sobre la complejidad y expresiones de la Guerra de las Drogas. Esta página de artículos especializados es un deseo manifiesto de intercambiar entre investigadores, activistas y periodistas elementos de juicio para pensar de manera colectiva soluciones pacíficas viables.

Observatorio de Drogas de Colombia (English) (Español)
The Drug Observatory of Colombia, is a knowledge center that allows a better understanding of the different manifestations of the problem of drugs and it also contributes to the formulation of policies, plans and programs to approach this problem. El Observatorio de Drogas de Colombia constituye un centro de conocimiento que permite una mejor comprensión de las diferentes manifestaciones del problema de las drogas, asimismo contribuye a la formulación de políticas, planes y programas tendientes a abordar de manera integral la problemática.

The Narco News Bulletin (English) (Español)
Website whose goal is to provide news on the War on Drugs from the Latin American perspective. Sitio web cuyo objetivo es proporcionar noticias sobre la guerra contra las drogas desde una perspectiva latinoamericana.

Transnational Institute: Drugs&Democracy (Español)
Transnational Institute has been analyzing since 1996 the trends in the illegal drugs market and in drug policies globally. Página web del Instituto Transnacional Dorgas y Democracia dedicado a analizar las tendencias mundiales en el mercado de drogas prohibidas y en las políticas de drogas desde 1996.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime located in Vienna, is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime and it has 21 field offices over the world as well as liaison offices in New York.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Office in Bolivia
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Bolivia.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Office in Colombia (English) (Español)
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Colombia. Oficina contra las Drogas y el Delito de las Naciones Unidas en Colombia.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Office in Mexico
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Mexico.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Office in Peru (English) (Español)
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Peru. Oficina contra las Drogas y el Delito de las Naciones Unidas en Perú.

Articles, Book Chapters, Reports
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [Top]

Abel, Christopher. "Colombia & the Drugs Barons: Conflict & Containment," World Today, 49 (May, 1993): 96-100.

Abeyratne, R. I. R. "International Initiatives at Controlling the Illicit Transportation of Narcotic Drugs by Air," Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 63, 2 (November-December, 1997): 289-403.

Abruzzese, Renzo. "Coca, Cocaína: Producción y Consumo," Revista de Prevención, Salud y Sociedad, Fundación Proyecto de Vida, 3, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1990).

Abruzzese, Renzo. "Coca-Leaf Production in the Countries of the Andean Subregion," Bulletin on Narcotics, 41, 1-2 (1989): 95-98.

Adams Keig, Lowell. "A Proposal for Direct Use of the United States Military in Drug Enforcement Operations Abroad," Texas International Law Journal, 23, 2 (1988).

Amok, Holanda. "La Estrategia Estadounidense de Contención: Bolivia Convertida en el Centro de la Acción," in Bolivia: Coca y Lucha contra las Drogas, 3, CEDIB, Cochabamba (Marzo, 1994).

Andreas, Peter. "Free Market Reform and Drug Market Prohibition: U.S. Policies at Cross-Purposes in Latin America," Third World Quarterly, 16, 1 (1995): 75-87.
Available at (3-26-2004): http://www.drugpolicy.org/library/cocandr1.cfm

Andreas, Peter. "Profits, Poverty, & Illegality: The Logic of Drug Corruption," NACLA Report, 27, 3 (11-12/93): 22-27.

Andreas, Peter and Coletta Youngers. "The U.S. Drug War in the Andes," Peace Magazine, 6, 1 (February-March, 1990): 24-25.
Available at (9-23-2004): http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v06n1p24.htm

Armenta, Amira, [et. al.], (eds.). "Forward Operation Locations in Latin America: Transcending Drug Control," Drugs & Conflict, 8, Transnational Institute (September, 2003).
Available in English at (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate8.pdf
Disponible en Español en (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate8s.pdf

Armenta, Amira, [et. al.]. "Polarisation and Paralysis in UN Drug Control. Breaking the Impasse," Drugs & Conflict, 5, Transnational Institute (July, 2002).
Available in English at (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate5.pdf
Disponible en Español en (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate5s.pdf

Armenta, Amira, [et. al.], (eds.). "Alternative Development and Eradication. A Failed Balance," Drugs & Conflict, 4, Transnational Institute (March, 2002).
Available in English at (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate4.pdf
Disponible en Español en (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate4s.pdf

Armenta, Amira, [et. al.], (eds.). "Fumigation and Conflict in Colombia. In the Heat of the Debate," Drugs & Conflict, 2, Transnational Institute (September, 2001).
Available in English at (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate2.pdf
Disponible en Español en (8-10-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/debate2s.pdf

Bagley, Bruce. "Drug Trafficking, Political Violence, and U.S. Policy in Colombia in the 1990's," University of Miami, Coral Gables, (January 5, 2003). También disponible en Español: "Narcotráfico, Violencia Política y Política Exterior de Estados Unidos hacia Colombia en los Noventa," Colombia Internacional, 49-50 (Febrero, 2001): 5-38.
Available in English at (1-23-2005): http://www.mamacoca.org/junio2001/bagley_drugs_and_violence_en.htm

Bagley, Bruce. "Myths of Militarization: Enlisting Armed Forces in the War on Drugs," in Peter H. Smith, ed., Drug Policy in the Americas, Westview Press, Boulder (1992): 129-150.

Bagley, Bruce and Juan G. Tokatlian. "Dope and Dogma: Explaining the Failure of U.S.-Latin America Drug Policies," in Jonathan Hartlyn, Lars Schoulz and Augusto Varas, (eds.), The United States and Latin America in the 1990s. Beyond the Cold War, Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press (1992): 214-234.

Bagley, Bruce. "Dateline Drug Wars: Colombia: The Wrong Strategy," Foreign Policy, 77 (winter, 1989-90): 154-171.

Bagley, Bruce. "U.S. Foreign Policy and the War on Drugs: Analysis of a Policy Failure," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 30: 2-3 (1988) : 89-212.

Bagley, Bruce. "Colombia and the War on Drugs," Foreign Affairs (Fall, 1988): 70-92.

Bagley, Bruce. "The New Hundred Years War? U.S. National Security and the War on Drugs in Latin America," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affaires, 30, 1 (Spring, 1988): 71-92.

Bagley, Bruce. "The Colombian Connection: The Impact of Drug Traffic on Colombia," in Coca and Cocaine: Effects on People and Policy in Latin America, Deborah Pacini and Christine Franquemont, (eds.), Cultural Survival and Cornell University, Peterborough, N.H. (1986).

Baquerizo, Manuel. "La Coca y la Cultura Andina," Allpanchis, 20, Cuzco (1982): 285-289.

Bergantz, Joseph L. "Military Support of the National Drug Control Strategy," Military Review, 72 (June, 1992): 67-72.

Bermúdez, Jaime and Jorge Orlando Melo. "La Lucha contra el Narcotráfico: Éxitos y Limitaciones," in Malcom Deas and Carlos Ossa, (eds), El Gobierno Barco: Política, Economía y Desarrollo Social en Colombia, 1986-1990, Fedesarrollo/Fondo Cultural Cafetero, Bogotá, Colombia (1994).

Bernal Contreras, Héctor Hernando and Martha Paredes Rosero. "Impacto Ambiental Ocasionado por las Sustancias Químicas, los Cultivos Ilícitos y las Actividades Conexas," Dirección Nacional de Estupefacientes de Colombia, Subdirección de Asuntos Regionales y Erradicación (2000).
Available at (11-1-2004): http://www.cultivosilicitoscolombia.gov.co/documentos/CULTIVOS_SIF.zip (zip file).

Berney, Arthur L. "Cocaine Prohibition: Drug-Induced Madness in the Western Hemisphere," Boston College Third World Law Journal, 25, 1 (1995).

Bertram, Eva and Sharpe Kenneth. "The Unwinnable Drug War: What Clausewitz Would Tell Us," World Policy Journal, 13 (Winter 1996-1997): 41-51.

Bibes, Patricia. "Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism: Colombia a Case of Study," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 17, 3 (2001): 243-258.

Bibes, Patricia. "Colombia: The Military and the Narco-Conflict," Low Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement, 9, 1 (Spring, 2000): 32-48.

Billingsly, Harold W. "Coalitions and Drug Demand Reduction: Pathway to a Better Tomorrow," Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA (1999).
Available online at (8-27-2004): http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366900

Bishop, Kenneth W. "The National Drug Control Strategy Effectiveness of Eradication in Colombia," U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA (2003).
Available at (8-27-2004): http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA413448

Boggess, Brian D. "Exporting United States Drug Laws: An Example of the International Legal Ramifications of the 'War on Drugs'," Brigham Young University Law Review, 1 (1992).

Bradford, David G. "Planning for Victory in the Drug War," Military Review, 74 (October, 1994): 15-24.

Brener, Jayme. "Radical Maneuvers," in Democracy, Human Rights, and Militarism in the War on Drugs in Latin America, TNI, Cedib and Inforpress Centroamericana, Guatemala (April, 1997). También disponible en Español: "Maniobras Radicales," in Guerra Antidrogas, Democracia, Derechos Humanos y Militarización en América Latina, TNI, Cedib e Inforpress Centroamericana, Guatemala (Abril, 1997).
Available in English at (3-26-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/folder1/brener.htm
Disponible en Español en (3-26-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/folder1/brener-s.htm

Brown, Raymond J. "Lessons Learned from the Marijuana War," in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 123 (December, 1997): 30-33.

Brzezicki, M. P. "The Air War on Cocaine," Royal Air Force Air Power Review, 2, 1 (Spring, 1999): 92-124.

Caballero, Antonio. "Hay que Legalizar la Coca," Texto y Contexto, 9 (Septiembre-Diciembre, 1986).

Caballero, Carlos. "La Economía de la Cocaína, Algunos Estimativos para 1988," Coyuntura Económica (Septiembre, 1988).

Camacho Guizado, Álvaro and Andrés López Restrepo. "Perspectives on Narcotics Trafficking in Colombia," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 14, 1 (2000): 151-182.

Camacho Guizado, Alvaro. "Cinco Tésis sobre Narcotráfico en Colombia," Revista Foro, 15 (Septiembre, 1991).

Casey, Michael. "The Danger of Relying on the Military to Fight the Drug War," Soldier-Scholar, 2 (Summer, 1996): 24-32.

Castro de La Mata, Ramiro. "Capítulos de la Historia de la Coca: Ayer y Hoy," Boletín de Lima, 50, Lima (1987): 21-28.

Chalk, Peter. "The "War on Drugs": Is the USA's Colombia Policy Working?," Jane's Intelligence Review, 12, 12 (December, 2000): 40-42.

Chambliss, William J. "The Consequences of Prohibition: Crime, Corruption, and International Narcotics Control", in Harold H. Traver y Mark S. Gaylord, (eds.), Drugs, Law and the State, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick (1992): 15-33.

Chepesiuk, Ron. "Guerrillas in the Midst," National Review, 49 (September 1, 1997): 27-30.

Clinton, William J. "Memorandum on Counternarcotics Assistance to Certain Latin American and Eastern Caribbean Countries," Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 33, 1469 (October 6, 1997).

Cottam, Martha and Otwin Marenin. "International Cooperation in the War on Drugs: Mexico and the United States," Policing and Society, 9 (1999): 209-240.

Craig, Richard. "Domestic Implications of Illicit Colombia Drug Production and Trafficking," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 25, 3 (1983): 213-230.

Craig, Richard. "Colombian Narcotics & US-Colombian Relations," in Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, 23, 3 (1981): 243-270.

Crandall, Russell. "Explicit Narcotization: U.S. Policy Towards Colombia During the Samper Administration," Latin American Politics and Society, 43, 3 (2001): 95-120.

Cubides C., Fernando. "Narcotráfico y Guerra en Colombia: los Paramilitares," in Gonzalo Sánchez and Eric Lair, (eds.) Violencias y Estrategias Colectivas en la Región Andina: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela, IFEA, IEPRI, Grupo Editorial Norma, Bogotá, Colombia, (2004): 377-410.

Davila, Amanda. "Participation, Not Eradication," in Michael Smith, (ed.), Why People Grow Drugs, PANOS (1990).

de Rementería, Ibán. "La Guerra de las Drogas y los Recursos Naturales," Nueva Sociedad, 174 (Julio-Agosto, 2001): 121-132.
Available at (8-21-2006): http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/2982_1.pdf

Del Olmo, Rosa. "Aerobiology & the War on Drugs: A Transnational Crime," Crime & Social Justice, 30 (1988).

Dettmer, Jamie. "Colombia Implodes," Insight on the News (September 13, 1999).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_34_15/ai_55821628

Diamint, Rut. "Políticas Antidrogas y Militares en el Cono Sur," Ponencia, REDES, Santiago, Chile (October 28-30, 2003).
Available at (2-8-2006): http://www.ndu.edu/chds/redes2003/Academic-Papers/8.Internal-Security/5.Drug-Control-Democracy-Human-Rights/4. Diamint-final.doc

Douglass, Joseph D. Jr. "Narcotics Trafficking, Organized Crime, and Terrorism (Aspects None of Us Want to Face)," Conservative Review, 7 (Summer/Fall, 1996): 4-10.

Doyle, Kate. "Drug War: A Quietly Escalating Failure," NACLA Report, 26, 5 (Mayo, 93): 29-34.

Dugas, John C. "Drugs, Lies, & Audiotape: The Samper Crisis in Colombia," Latin American Research Review, 36, 3 (2001): 157-174.

Echeverry, Juan Carlos and Zeinab Partow. "Por Qué la Justicia no Responde al Crimen?: El Caso de la Cocaína en Colombia," in Mauricio Cárdenas y Roberto Steiner, (comps.), Corrupción, Crimen y Justicia: Una Perspectiva Histórica, Tercer Mundo, Fedesarrollo y Lacea, 1998.

Edeli, David and Sachary Hurwitz. "There can be no Peace without Indians at the Table," Cultural Survival Quarterly, 26, 4, Cultural Survival, Cambridge (Winter, 2003): 13-17.

Edmunds, James R. "Nonconsensual U.S. Military Action against the Colombian Drug Lords under U.N. Charter," Washington University Law Quarterly, 68, 1 (1990).

Farthing, Linda and Benjamin Kohl. "Conflicting Agendas: The Politics of Development Aid in Drug-Producing Areas," Development Policy Review, 23, 2 (March, 2005): 183-198.

Farthing, Linda and Kathryn Ledebur. "The Beat Goes on: The U.S. War on Coca," Nacla Report on the Americas, 38, 3 (November, 2004).

Farthing, Linda and Benjamin Kohl. "The Price of Success: Bolivia's War against Drugs and the Poor," NACLA Report on the Americas, 35, 1 (July, 2001).

Filippone, Robert. "The Medellín Cartel: Why We Can't Win the Drug War," Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 17, 4 (1994): 323-345.

Fischer, Kevin. "Trends in Extraterritorial Narcotics Control. Slamming the Stable Door after the Horse has Bolted," New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 16, 2 (1984).

Flynn, Stephen E. "Lo Insensato de una Política Estadounidense para Colombia en Torno de las Drogas," Aerospace Power Journal- Español (October, 2001).
Also available at (10-1-2003): http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/3trimes01/flynn.htm

Franco, George. "Battling Narcoterrorism: The Peruvian Experience in the Ucayali," Orbis, 48, 3 (Summer, 2004).

Franco, George H. "The Darkest Hour: Colombia's Government and the Narco-Insurgency," Parameters, 30, 2 (Summer, 2000): 83-93.
Available at (4-2-2004): http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/parameters/00summer/franco.htm

Fratepietro, Sharon. "Plan Colombia: The Hidden Front in the U.S. Drug War?," Humanist, 61, 4 (July, 2001): 18-21.
Available at (7-28-2004): http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_4_61/ai_76800133

Frechette, Myles. "U.S. Counternarcotics Policy toward Colombia," CSIS Hemisphere 2000, 8, 2 (February 1, 2000).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/hf_v08_02.pdf

García-Peña Jaramillo. "La Relación del Estado Colombiano con el Fenómeno Paramilitar: Por el Esclarecimiento Histórico," Análisis Político, 53 (Enero-Abril, 2005): 58-76.
Available at (5-17-2005): http://www.analisispolitico.edu.co/pdf/articulo53.pdf

Glockman, Walter. "A Thorn Among the Roses," Security Management, 33, 5 (May 1, 1989).

Gonzales, José E. "Guerrillas and Coca in the Upper Huallaga Valley," in David Scott Palmer, (ed.), Shining Path of Peru, St. Martin's, New York (1994): 126-130.

Gorriti, Gustavo A. "How to Fight The Drug War," The Atlantic, 264, 1 (July 1, 1989).

Grossman, Elaine M. "U.S. Eyes New Bases to Wage Drug War in Latin America," Current News Early Bird (February 22, 1999): 20-23.

Gutiérrez Lemus, Omar. "La Oposición Regional a las Negociaciones con el ELN," Análisis Político, 52 (Septiembre-Diciembre, 2004): 34-50.
Available at (5-17-2005): http://www.analisispolitico.edu.co/pdf/articulo52.pdf

Gutiérrez P. Carlos. "Narcotráfico y Fuerzas Armadas: El Caso Chileno," Estudios Político Militares, 3, 6 (Diciembre, 2003): 19-36.
Available at (9-15-2004): http://www.cee-chile.org/publicaciones/revista/rev06/re06-2.pdf

Hallums, Melanie R. "Bolivia and Coca: Law, Policy, and Drug Control," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 30 (1997).

Harmon, Robert E. (LtCol) and others. "Counterdrug Assistance: The Number One Priority," Military Review, 73 (March, 1993): 26-35.

Hasenauer, Heike. "Florida's War on Drugs," Soldiers, 51 (May, 1996): 13-17.
Available at (7-28-2004): http://www.army.mil/soldiers/may96/drugwar.html

Hatcher, Patrick Lloyd. "The Unwinnable War on the Drug Trade," Orbis, 41, 4 (Fall, 1997): 653-660.
Available at (9-15-2004): http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0365/is_n4_v41/ai_20377535

Healy, Kevin. "Bolivia and Cocaine: A Developing Country's Dilemmas," British Journal of Addiction, 83, London (1988): 19-23.

Healy, Kevin. "Coca, the State, and the Peasantry in Bolivia, 1982-1988," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 30, 2-3 (Summer-Fall, 1988): 105-126.

Hesselroth, Alba. "Struggles of Security in US Foreign Drug Policy towards Andean Countries," Peace, Conflict & Development, 5 (July, 2004).
Available at (9-15-2004): http://www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk/docs/StrugglesofSecurity.PDF

Heun, Christopher. "Global Cop Urges Limited Military Role in Drug War," National Defense, 81 (March, 1997): 30-31.

Hodgson, Martin. "The Coca Leaf War," Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 56, 3 (May-June, 2000): 36-45.
Available at (8-27-2004): http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/2000/mj00/mj00hodgson.html

Holmes, Jennifer S. "Drugs, Terrorism, and Congressional Politics: The Colombian Challenge," in Ralph Carter, (ed.), Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade, 2nd edition, CQ Press, Washington D.C. (2004).

Holmes, Jennifer S. "Terrorism, Drugs and Violence in Latin America," Latin American Research Review, 37, 3 (2002): 217-230.

Holmes, Jennifer S. ""The Colombian Drug Trade: National Security and Congressional Politics," in Ralph Carter, (ed.), Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade, CQ Press, Washington, D.C., USA (2001): 88-108.

Howard Stephen P. (Lt Col). "The Military War on Drugs: Too Many Assets, Too Few Results," Naval Post Graduate School, Monterey, CA (2001). Tambien disponible en Español: "La Guerra Militar Contra las Drogas: Demasiados Recursos, Muy Pocos Resultados," Aerospace Power Journal (October, 2001).
Available in English at (8-27-2004): http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407744
Disponible en Español en (10-1-2003): http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/3trimes01/howard.htm

Howard Stephen P. (Lt Col). "The War on Drugs. Two More Casualties," Aerospace Power Journal, 15, 4 (October, 2001): 91-94.
Also available at (10-1-2003): http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj01/win01/vorwin01.html

International Crisis Group. "War and Drugs in Colombia," Latin America Report, No. 11, (January 27, 2005): 44pgs. Available at (01/28/05): http://www.icg.org//library/documents/latin_america/11_war_and_drugs_in_colombia.pdf

International Institute of Strategic Studies. "Colombia's War on Drugs: Disputing the Plan," Strategic Comments, 7, 1 (January, 2001).

Isacson, Adam. "Washington's 'New War' in Colombia," NACLA Report, 36, 5 (2003): 13-18.

Jelsma, Martin. "Damaging Side Effects: The War on Drugs," in Democracy, Human Rights, and Militarism in the War on Drugs in Latin America, TNI, Cedib and Inforpress Centroamericana, Guatemala (April, 1997). También disponible en Español: "Daño Colateral de la Guerra Antidrogas," in Guerra Antidrogas, Democracia, Derechos Humanos y Militarización en América Latina, TNI, Cedib e Inforpress Centroamericana, Guatemala (Abril, 1997).
Available in English at (3-26-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/folder1/jelsma.htm
Disponible en Español en (3-26-2004): http://www.tni.org/reports/drugs/folder1/jelsma-s.htm

Justice, James J. "Colombia's Counter Drug Force," Rotor & Wing, 34, 7 (July, 2000): 38-41.

Kaplan, Marcos. "Tráfico de Drogas en América Latina: Emergencia, Contexto Internacional y Dinámica Interna," Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado, 26, 76 (Enero-Abril, 1993): 115-154.
Available at (1-10-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/boletin/cont/76/art/art5.pdf

Kawell, Jo Ann. "Drug Wars: The Rules of the Game," Nacla Report on the Americas, 23, 6 (April 1, 1990).

Klepak, Harold. "The Use of the Military and the Illicit Drugs Trade," Jane's Intelligence Review, 4 (November, 1992): 521-524.

Knoester, Mark. "War in Colombia," Social Justice, 25, 2 (Summer, 1998): 85-109.

Knox, Paul. "The Cost of Cocaine: How Long Can Colombia Pay the Emotional and Economic Price of Its War on Drugs," Report on Business Magazine, 6, 7 (January 1, 1990).

Lee, Rensselaer III. "Dimensions of the South American Cocaine Industry," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 30, 2/3, Special Issue: "Assessing the Americas' War on Drugs" (Summer - Autumn, 1988): 87-103.

Lehmann, Gary C. "Counterdrug Missions: A Tactical Perspective," Marine Corps Gazette, 82 (April, 1998): 30-31.

LeoGrande, William M. and Kenneth E. Sharpe."Two Wars or One? Drugs, Guerrillas and Colombia's New Violencia," World Policy Journal, 17, 3 (Fall, 2000): 1-11 (reprint).
Available at (7-28-2004): http://www.worldpolicy.org/journal/leogrande.html

Lernoux, Penny. "The U.S. in Bolivia: Playing Golf While Drugs Flow," Nation, 248, 6 (February 13, 1989): 188-192.

Loy, Frank, Janet Reno, Barry McCaffrey, Rand Beers, and Tom Umberg. International Narcotics Strategy Report (INCSR): Reprint," DISAM Journal, 22 (Spring 2000): 33-44.

Lumpe, Lora. "The U.S. Arms Both Sides of Mexico's Drugs War," Covert Action Quarterly, 61 (Summer, 1997): 39-46.
Available at (9-28-2004): http://www.fas.org/asmp/library/articles/us-mexico.htm

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Youngers, Colleta. "'The Only War We've Got': Drug Enforcement in Latin America," NACLA Report, 31, 2 (1997): 13-18.

Zabludoff, Sidney Jay. "Colombian Narcotics Organizations as Business Enterprises," Transnational Organized Crime, 3, 2, (Summer, 1997): 20-49.

Zirnite, Peter. "The Militarization of the Drug War in Latin America," Current History, 97 (April, 1998): 166-173.
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Aguilé, Federico. Narcotráfico y Violencia, CEDIB, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1992.

Allen, Catherine. The Hold Life Has: Coca and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, USA, 1988.

Alvarado R. Luis Eduardo, Andrés Vergara Ballén and Yilberto Lahuerta Percipiano. Comportamiento e Impacto del Gasto en la Lucha contra las Drogas: 1995-1999, Dirección Nacional de Estupefacientes, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Colombia, 2001.
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Antinarcóticos, Policía. El Glifosato en la Erradicación de Cultivos Ilícitos, Policía Nacional de Colombia, Santa Fé de Bogotá, 1992.

Arana, Xabier and Rosa del Olmo, (coords.). Normas y Culturas en la Construcción de la "Cuestión Droga", Oñati-Hacer, 1996.

Arango Jaramillo, Mario. Impacto del Narcotráfico en Antioquia, Poligráficas, Medellín, Colombia, 1988.

Arango, Mario and Jorge Child. Narcotráfico: Imperio de la Cocaína, Editorial Dina, México D.F., 1987.

Arango Jaramillo, Mario and Jorge Child. Coca-Coca: Historia, Manejo Político y Mafia de la Cocaína, Dos Mundos, Bogotá, Colombia, 1986.

Arango Jaramillo, Mario and Jorge Child. Los Condenados de la Coca: el Manejo Político de la Droga, Editorial J.M. Arango, Medellín, Colombia, 1985.

Arango Jaramillo, Mario and Jorge Child. Narcotráfico Imperio de la Cocaína, Editorial Percepción, 1a ed., Medellín, Colombia, 1984.


Arrueta Rodríguez, José Antonio. Campesinado, Coca y Estado: Sindicalismo y Movilización de Productores de Coca en Torno al Plan Trienal de Lucha Contra el Narcotráfico: Cochabamba, 1987-1989, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de Las Casas", Cusco, 1994.

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Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigación para la Paz. Cocaína: Problemas y Soluciones Andinos, Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigación para la Paz, 1a. ed., Lima, Perú, 1990.

Auza Guzmán, Johnny. Exilio "At home"; El Poder Corruptivo del Narcotráfico en Círculos Oficiales en Bolivia, CEDIB, Acción Andina, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 2000.

Bagley, Bruce M., (ed.). Drug Trafficking Research in the Americas: An Annotated Bibliography, North-South Center, University of Miami, Miami, Forida, USA, 1996.

Bagley Bruce M. and William O. Walker, III, (eds.). Drug Trafficking in the Americas, University of Miami, North-South Center Press, 1994.

Bagley, Bruce. Myths of Militarization: The Role of the Military in the War on Drugs in the Americas, University of Miami Press, North-South Center, Coral Gables, 1991.

Bahamon Dussan, Augusto. Mi Guerra en Medellín, Intermedio, Bogotá, Colombia, 1991.

Barco, Virgilio. La Lucha contra el Narcotráfico, Presidencia de la República de Colombia, Bogotá, 1988.

Baum, Dan. Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure, Back Bay Books, May 5, 1997.

Bedregal Gutiérrez, Guillermo, and Ruddy Viscarra Pando. La Lucha Boliviana contra la Agresión del Narcotráfico, Editorial Los Amigos del Libro, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1989.

Bertram, Eva, Kenneth Sharpe, and Peter Andreas. Drug War Politics: The Price of Denial, The University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA, 1996.

Blakesley, Charles L. Terrorism, Drugs, International Law, and the Protection of Human Liberty, Transnational Publishers, New York, USA, 1992.

Bonnie, Richard J. and Charles H. Witebread II. The Marihuana Conviction: A History of Marihuana Prohibition in the United States, The Lindsmith Center, 1999 (2nd ed.).

Bowden, Mark. Killing Pablo, Penguin Books, New York, USA, 2001.

Bugliosi, Vincent T. The Phoenix Solution: Getting Serious About Winning America's Drug War, Dove Books, Beverly Hills, CA, USA, 1996.

Buscaglia, Edgardo and William Ratliff. War and Lack of Governance in Colombia: Narcos, Guerrillas, and U.S. Policy, Hoover Institution, 2001.

Camacho Guizado, Álvaro, Andrés López Restrepo and Francisco E. Thoumi. Las Drogas: Una Guerra Fallida. Visiones Críticas, IEPRI - Tercer Mundo Editores, Bogotá, Colombia, 1999.

Camacho Guizado, Álvaro. Droga y Sociedad en Colombia: El Poder y Estigma, U. del Valle y CEREC, Bogotá, Colombia, 1988.

Camacho Guizado, Álvaro. Droga, Corrupción y Poder: Marihuana y Cocaína en la Sociedad Colombiana, U. del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 1981.

Carpenter, Ted Galen. Bad Neighbor Policy. Washington's Futile War on Drugs in Latin America, Palgrave, New York, USA, 2003.

Carter, William and Mauricio Mamani. Coca en Bolivia, La Juventud, La Paz, Bolivia, 1986.

Castillo, Fabio. La Coca Nostra, Editorial Documentos Periodísticos, Bogotá, Colombia, 1991.

Castillo, Fabio. Los Jinetes de la Cocaína, Editorial Documentos Periodistas, Bogotá, Colombia, 1987.
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Childress, Michael. A System Description of the Heroin Trade, RAND Corporation, 1994.

CEDIB. Coca- Cronología. Bolivia 1986-1992. 100 Documentos, Ed. CEDIB-ILDIS, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1992.

Celada, Edgar, (ed.). Guerra Antidrogas, Democracia, Derechos Humanos y Militarización en América Latina, Inforpress Centroamericana-Transnational Institute-CEDIB, Guatemala, 1997.

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Chepesiuk, Ron. The Bullet or the Bribe: Taking Down Colombia's Cali Drug Cartel, Praeger Publishers, Westport, Conn., USA, 2003.

Chepesiuk, Ronald. Hard Target: The United States War against International Drug Trafficking, 1982-1997, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, N.C., USA, 1999.

Clawson, Patrick L. and Rensselaer W. Lee III. The Andean Cocaine Industry, St. Martin's Press, New York, USA, 1996.

Comisión Andina de Juristas. Drogas y Control Penal en los Andes, Lima, Peru, 1994.

Comisión Andina de Juristas. Narcotráfico: Realidades y Alternativas, D. García Sayán (comp.), Lima, Peru, 1990.

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Coronado Tinoco, Inés. Coca, Cocaína y Narcotráfico: Legislación del Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, Editora Jurídica Grijey, 1a. ed., Lima, Perú, 1993.

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De Remetería Ibán. La Guerra de las Drogas: Cultivis Ilicitos y Desarrollo Alternativo, Planeta Colombiana, Bogotá, D.C., 2001.

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del Olmo, Rosa. ¿Prohibir o Domesticar? Políticas de Drogas en América Latina, Editorial Nueva Sociedad, Caracas, Venezuela, 1992.

del Olmo, Rosa. Los Discursos de la Droga, Ed. HISBOL, La Paz, Bolivia, 1990.

Delpirou, Alain and Alain Labrousse. El Sendero de la Cocaína, LAIA, Barcelona, España, 1988.

Democracy, Human Rights, and Militarism in the War on Drugs in Latin America, TNI, Cedib and Inforpress Centroamericana, Guatemala, April 1997. También disponible en Español en: Guerra Antidrogas, Democracia, Derechos Humanos y Militarización en América Latina, TNI, Cedib e Inforpress Centroamericana, Guatemala, Abril, 1997.
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Drexler, Robert. Colombia and the United States: Narcotics Traffic and a Failed Foreign Policy, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, N.C., USA, 1999.

Duque Ramírez, Luis Fernando, Edgar Rodríguez Ospina, Daria Cecilia Rivero and Jaime Huertas Campos. Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas Ilegales en Colombia, Editorial Carrera 7a. Ltda, Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia, 1994.

Duzán, María Jimena. Death Beat: A Colombian Journalist's Life Inside the Cocaine Wars, Harper Collins, New York, USA, 1994.

Eddy, Paul, Hugo Sabogal and Sara Walden. The Cocaine Wars, Norton, New York, USA, 1988.

Ehrenfeldt, Rachel. Narco-Terrorism, Basic Books, New York, USA, 1990.

Escohotado, Antonio. Historia Elemental de las Drogas, Anagrama, Barcelona, España, 1996.

Escohotado, Antonio. Historia de las Drogas (3 vols.), Alianza Editorial, España, 1992.

Etienne, Teodoro. Fuerzas Armadas de América Latina: Nuevo Rol: Problemática de la
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Ferro, Juan Guillermo and Graciela Uribe Ramón, (et.al.). Jóvenes, coca y amapola. Un estudio sobre las transformaciones socioculturales en zonas de cultivos ilícitos, IER Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 1999.

Flores, Gonzalo. Producción de Coca y Procesos Poblacionales en Bolivia: Situación y Perspectivas, CERES, La Paz, Bolivia, 1987.

Fuss, Charles M. Sea of Grass: The Maritime Drug War, 1970-1990, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD, USA, 1996.

Gamarra, Eduardo. Entre la Droga y la Democracia: la Cooperación Entre Estados Unidos-Bolivia y la Lucha Contra el Narcotráfico, ILDIS, La Paz, Bolivia, 1994.

García Durán, Mauricio. De la Uribe a Tlaxcala: Procesos de Paz, CINEP, Bogotá, Colombia, 1992.

García Ramírez, Sergio. Narcotráfico: Un Punto de Vista Mexicano, Porrúa, México, 1989.

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González Ossio, Juan José. Estupefacientes, Legislación y Jurisprudencia, Ed. Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sucre, Bolivia, 1988.

Grosse, Robert E. Drugs and Money: Laundering Latin America's Cocaine Dollars, Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, 2001.

Holden-Rhodes, J. F. Sharing the Secrets: Open Source Intelligence and the War on Drugs, Praeger, Westport, CT, USA, 1997.

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Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Comisión Interinstitucional de Estadísticas de Producción y Consumo de Drogas, and Dirección Nacional de Estadísticas Básicas. Perú: Compendio de Estadísticas de Producción y Consumo de Drogas, 1980-93, INEI, Lima, Perú (Febrero, 1994).

Jaramillo, J.E. [et.al.]. Colonización, Coca, y Guerrilla, Alianza Editorial Colombiana, 3 ed., Bogotá, Colombia, 1989.

Jelsma Martin and Theo Roncken (coord.). Democracias Bajo Fuego. Drogas y Poder en América Latina, Transnational Institute-Acción Andina-Ediciones de Brecha, Montevideo, Uruguay, 1998.

Jordan, David. Drug Politics: Dirty Money and Democracies, University of Oklahoma Press, USA, 1999.

Joyce, Elizabeth and Carlos Malamud, (eds.). Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade, St. Martins Press, Institute of Latin American Studies Series, New York, USA, 1997.

Kirk, Robin. More Terrible than Death: Massacres, Drugs, and America's War in Colombia, Public Affairs, New York, USA, 2003.

Kleinig John and Yurong Zhang. Professional Law Enforcement Codes: A Documentary Collection, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, USA, 1993.

Lanza, Gregorio. La Coca Prohibida: Producción, Transformación y Persecución a Fines del siglo XX, SNV - Bolivia: CEDIB, La Paz, Bolivia, 1995.

Larios, Fernando and Fernando Hurtado, (eds.). Reflexiones sobre el Desarrollo Alternativo en los Países del Área Andina, Comunidad Andina, Septiembre, 2004.
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Laserna, Roberto (comp.). Economía Política de las Drogas. Lecturas Latinoamericanas, Ed. CLACSO-CERES, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1993.

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Leech, Garry M. Killing Peace: Colombia's Conflict and the Failure of U.S. Intervention, Information Network of the Americas (INOTA), 2002.

Leons, Barbara and Harry Sanabria, (eds.). Coca, Cocaine and the Bolivian Reality, SUNY Press, Albany, New York, USA, 1997.

Levine, Michael. The Big White Lie: The CIA and the Cocaine/Crack Epidemic, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York, USA, 1993.

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Long, Guillaume J.S. Con el Pretexto de la Droga: La Nueva Cruzada de los EE.UU. en América Latina, Sur Editores, 1a ed., Quito, Ecuador, 2001.

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MacDonald, Scout B. Mountain High, White Avalanche: Cocaine and Power in the Andean States and Panama, Praeger, New York, 1989.

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Sterling, Eric. "U.S. Drug Policy," Foreign Policy in Focus, 4, 31 (November, 1999).
Available at (8-19-2003): http://www.fpif.org/pdf/vol4/31ifdrug.pdf

Steward, Daniel N. (CDR, USN). "Counter-Terrorism Task Force: A Paradigm for Counter-Narcotics?," Naval War College, Newport, RI (March, 1993).

Stroberg, Jon E. "United States National and Supporting Military Counterdrug Strategies: A History and Assessment," Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA (April, 1996).

Stubbs, Jerald D. "The Proper Role of the United States Military in Combatting Drug Smuggling," Air War College, Maxwell AFB, AL (April, 1990).

Tappan, John A. (LtCol, USAF). "Military Involvement in the War on Drugs: "Just Say No"," Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA (1998).

Tate, Winifred. "Bush Announces 'Andean Counterdrug Initiative'," Cross Currents: Washington and the Americas, 10, 2 (June, 2001).
Available at (7-1-2003): http://www.wola.org/publications/Enlace2001/2_andean_initiative.PDF

Tate, Winifred, Washington Office on Latin America. "International Drug Industry," Foreign Policy in Focus, 4, 30 (June, 2001).
Available at (6-24-2003):
http://fpif.org/pdf/vol4/30ifcolo.pdf

Taylor, Vincent T. "U.S. and Colombian Counterdrug Efforts: Strategies at Odds?," Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA (2000).
Available at (8-27-2004): http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA377669

Teufel, Robert S. (LCDR, USN). "Applying Operational Art to the War on Drugs," Naval War College, Newport, RI (November, 1994).

The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. "Fighting One Half of the Drug War," The Center for Public Integrity (March 29, 2004).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.publicintegrity.org/report.aspx?aid=255

The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. "U.S. Shrugged Off Corruption, Abuse in Service of Drug War," The Center for Public Integrity (March 29, 2004).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.publicintegrity.org/report.aspx?aid=257

Tickner, Arlene B. "Colombia-Estados Unidos: Alcances y Limitaciones de la Guerra Contra las Drogas y el Terrorismo," in the conference: Colombia: Caminos para Salir de la Violencia, Frankfurt, Germany (June 17-18, 2003).
Available at (5-18-2005): http://cgi.server.uni-frankfurt.de/fb03/helfrich/PDFDateien/Vortraege/VortragATickner.PDF

Tickner, Arlene B. "U.S. Foreign Policy in Colombia: Bizarre Side Effects of the 'War on Drugs'," (March 26, 27, 2001).
Available at (8-21-2006): http://www.nd.edu/~kellogg/events/pdfs/Tickner.pdf

Tickner, Arlene B. "Local and Regional Effects of the U.S. 'War on Drugs' in Colombia," Paper presented at the 2001 Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, D.C. (2001).

TNI. "Broken Promises and Coca Eradication in Peru," TNI Drug Policy Briefing, 11 (March, 2005).
Available at (5-17-2005): http://www.tni.org/policybriefings/brief11.pdf

TNI. "Colombia: Drugs & Security. On the Problems of Confusing Drug Policy and Security Policy," TNI Drug Policy Briefing, 9 (January, 2005).
Available at (5-17-2005): http://www.tni.org/policybriefings/brief9.pdf

Tokatlian, Juan Gabriel. "La Diplomacia de las Drogas: Estados Unidos, Colombia y los Efectos del Prohibicionismo," Documentos Ocasionales C.E.I. (Colombia), 37 (Enero-Marzo, 1995).

Tokatlian, Juan Gabriel. "The Drug Problem in U.S.-Colombian Relations," CSIS Policy Papers on the Americas (United States), 5, 3 (August 15, 1994).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/ppdrug[1].pdf

Tokatlian, Juan Gabriel. "Drogas y Seguridad Nacional: ¿La Amenaza de la Intervención?," Documentos de Trabajo Comisión Sudamericana de Paz (Chile), 1, (1990).

Tokatlian, Juan Gabriel. "Seguridad y Drogas: Su Significado en las Relaciones entre Colombia y Estados Unidos. Un Debate Introductorio," Documentos Ocasionales C.E.I. (Colombia), 3 (Mayo-Junio, 1988).

Tracey, James J. "The Drug War: Are We Winning or Losing?," Army War College; University of Texas, Austin, TX, Carlisle Barracks, PA (June, 1996).

Vaicius, Ingrid and Adam Isacson. "The 'War on Drugs' meets the 'War on Terror'", International Policy Report, Center for International Policy, Washington (February, 2003).
Available at (6-16-2003):
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Velez, Hernando Wills. "Effects of the War on Drugs on Official Corruption in Colombia," Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA (December, 1995).

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Zirnite, Peter. "Reluctant Recruits. The US Military and the War on Drugs," Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), Washington, DC (August, 1997).
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Zukunft, Paul F. "Leveling the Playing Field in the War on Drugs," Naval War College, Newport, RI (1997).


U.S. Government, Colombian Government, and International Documents
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U.S. Government
Colombian Government
International Documents

 

U.S. Government
[Back to U.S. Government, Colombian Government, and International Documents]
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Official Websites
Congressional Testimony
Other Official U.S. Documents

 

Official Websites

U.S. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL)
The Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) advises the President, Secretary of State, other bureaus in the Department of State, and other departments and agencies within the U.S. Government on the development of policies and programs to combat international narcotics and crime.

U.S. Department of State: Narcotics Control Reports
The Department of State's International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) is the United States Government's country-by-country two volume report that describes the efforts to attack all aspects of the international drug trade, chemical control, money laundering and financial crimes. Includes reports to Mexico and Central America, the Caribbean and South America.

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States; and to recommend and support non-enforcement programs aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets.

U.S. National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)
The NDIC is a component of the U.S. Department of Justice and a member of the Intelligence Community. The General Counterdrug Intelligence Plan designated NDIC as the nation's principal center for strategic domestic counterdrug intelligence.

U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)
The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is a component of the Executive Office of the President, whose purpose to establish policies, priorities, and objectives for the Nation's drug control program. The goals of the program are to reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences. Provides reports and updates on global policies and selected countries

 

Congressional Testimony

US Congress. House. "The War against Drugs and Thugs. Status Report on Plan Colombia: Successes and Remaining Challenges," by Robert B. Charles, Assistant Secretary of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, before the House Committee on Government Reform, Washington, DC (June 17, 2004).
Available at (2-13-2006): http://ciponline.org/colombia/040617char.htm

U.S. Congress. House. "U.S. Policy and Programs in Colombia," Testimony of Robert B. Charles, Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, before the Committee on Government Reform, Washington, D.C., (June 17, 2004).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rm/33663.htm

U.S. Congress. House. "U.S. Policy and the Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI)," Testimony by Charles, Robert B. before the Government Reform Committee, Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, Washington, DC (March 2, 2004).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rm/30077.htm

U.S. Congress. House. "International Global Terrorism: Its Links with Illicit Drugs as Illustrated by the IRA and other Groups in Colombia," hearing before the Committee on International Relations, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (April 24, 2002).
Available at (5-3-2004): http://wwwc.house.gov/international_relations/107/78947.pdf

U.S. Congress. House. "U.S. Air Interdiction Efforts in South America after the Peru Incident," hearing before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (2002).
Available at (5-3-2004): http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_house_hearings&docid=f:78829.pdf

U.S. Congress. House. "Official Testimony at Congressional Hearing Concerning Plan Colombia," Mack, James, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affaires, International Relations Committee, Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Washington, DC (June 28, 2001).
Available at (8-27-2003): http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_07/issue_13/news_02.html

U.S. Congress. House. "Testimony on Plan Colombia," by Rand Beers, Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, before the Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources Subcommittee of the House Committee on Government Reform, Washington, DC (October 12, 2000).
Available at (4-4-2005): http://www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/2000/001012_beers_criminal.html

U.S. Congress. House. "The crisis in Colombia: What are we facing?," hearing before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (February 15, 2000).
Available at (5-3-2004): http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=106_house_hearings&docid=f:66788.pdf

U.S. Congress. House. "Law Enforcement Efforts to Combat International Money Laundering through Black Market Peso Brokering," hearing before the Subcommittee on General Oversight and Investigation of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (October 22, 1997).

U.S. Congress. House. "Money Laundering Activity Associated with the Mexican Narco-Crime Syndicate," hearing before the Subcommittee on General Oversight and Investigation of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (September 5, 1996).

U.S. Congress. House. "Oversight of Federal Drug Interdiction Efforts in Mexico: Review of a Rising National Security Threat," hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affaires, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (June 12, 1996).

U.S. Congress. House. "Block by Block: A Community Guide to Retaking our Streets and Neighborhoods from Drug Dealers," Report of the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (1993).

U.S. Congress. House. "The High Intensity Drug Trafficking Program," hearing before the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (May 6, 1992).

U.S. Congress. House. "Drug Enforcement Assistance to State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies in High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas," Statement of Lowell Dodge, Director, Administration of Justice Issues, General Government Division, before the Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, Washington, D.C., (1992).

U.S. Congress. House. "Implementation of the FAA Drug Enforcement Assistance Act of 1988," hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (November 19, 1991).

U.S. Congress. House. "United States Anti-Narcotics Activities in the Andean Region," Committee on Government Operations, GPO, Washington (1990).

U.S. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment. "Alternative coca reduction strategies in the Andean Region," U.S.G.P.O., Washington, DC, 1993.

U.S. Congress. Senate. "U.S. Policy Regarding Narcotics Control in Colombia," hearing before the Caucus on International Narcotics Control, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (2004).
Available at (6-4-2004): http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS43946

U.S. Congress. Senate. "U.S. Narcotics Control Initiatives in Colombia," Testimony of Paul E. Simons, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Drug Caucus, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C., (June 3, 2003).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rm/21203.htm

U.S. Congress. Senate. "U.S. Policy Regarding Narcotics in Colombia," hearing of the Senate International Narcotics Control Caucus, Washington, D.C., (June 3, 2003).
Available at (2-16-2004):
http://drugcaucus.senate.gov/colombia03index.html

U.S. Congress. Senate. "United States Support for Counter-Narcotics Activities in the Andean Ridge and Neighboring Countries and the Impact of Narcotrafficking on the Stability of the Region," hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC ( 2002).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "Andean Counterdrug Initiative," Testimony by Richard Armitage, Deputy Secretary of State, before the U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, Washington, DC (September 17, 2002).
Available at (4-4-2005): http://www.state.gov/s/d/former/armitage/remarks/2002/13558.htm

U.S. Congress. Senate. "Colombia: Counter-insurgency vs. Counter-narcotics," Caucus on International Narcotics Control, Government Printing Office, Washington, District of Columbia (2000).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "Crisis in Colombia: U.S. Support for Peace Process and Anti-Drug Efforts," hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, D.C., (2000).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "United States Assistance Options for the Andes," hearing before the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control and the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, D.C., (February 22, 2000).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "Drug Trafficking and the Flow of Drugs into Florida," hearing before the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (June 22, 1998).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "Drug Trafficking, Following meth from Mexico to Midwest," hearing before the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (April 14, 1998).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "On-site Staff Evaluation of U.S. Counter-Narcotics Activities in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia," Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (1998).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "The Drug Cartels and Narco-Violence: The Treat to the United States," hearing before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, Narcotics and Terrorism of the Committee on Foreign Relations, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (July 16, 1997).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "International Narcotics Control and United States Foreign Policy: A Compilation of Laws, Treaties, Executive Documents, and Related Materials," Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (1997).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "On-site Staff Evaluation of US Counter-Narcotics Activities in Panama, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia," Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (1997).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "The Drug Trade in Mexico and Implications for U.S. Mexican Relations," hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, G.P.O, Washington, D.C., (August 8, 1995).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "U.S. International Drug Policy--Multinational Strike Forces--Drug Policy in the Andean Nations," joint hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary and the Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (1991).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "On-site Staff Examination of Narcotics Control Efforts in Bolivia," Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. G.P.O., Washington, DC (1987).

U.S. Congress. Senate. "U.S. Government Anti-Narcotics Activities in the Andean Region of South America," hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Senate Governmental Affairs Committee (September, 1989): 101- 311.

U.S. Congress. State. Draft Report. "Cocaine: A Supply Side Problem," Department's Office of Andean Affairs, Vazquez, Edward, Washington, D.C., (April 25, 1989).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col06.pdf


Other Official U.S. Documents

Congressional Research Service. "Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY 2005 Assistance," by Connie Veillette (May 10, 2005).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/050510crs.pdf

Congressional Research Service. "Illicit Drugs and the Terrorist Threat: Causal Links and Implications for Domestic Drug Control Policy," by Mark Kleiman (April 5, 2004).
Available at (5-23-2005): http://www.markarkleiman.com/archives/CRS%20Drugs%20and%20Terror%20paper.pdf

Congressional Research Service. "Drug Control: International Policy and Approaches," by Raphael Perl (October 19, 2004).
Available at (5-23-2005): http://hutchison.senate.gov/IB88093.pdf

Congressional Research Service. "Colombia: The Problem of Illegal Narcotics and US-Colombian Relations," by Nina Serafino (May 11, 1998).
Available at (5-23-2005): http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/crs/98-152.pdf

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Intelligence Report. "Colombia: Paramilitaries Assuming a Higher Profile," (August 31, 1998).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col64.pdf

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Intelligence Report. "Colombia-Venezuela: Continuing Friction along the Border," (October 1, 1997).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col40.pdf


U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Directorate of Intelligence. "Beyond Operation Blast Furnace: Bolivia's Struggle against Narcotics," FOIA release to the National Security Archive (February, 1988).

U.S. Department of State. "2006 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: South America," Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Washington, D.C., (March, 2006).
Vol I Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2006/vol1/html/62106.htm
Vol II Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2006/vol2/

US Department of State. "International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2006 Budget Justification: Andean Counterdrug Initiative," Washington, D.C., (April, 2005).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/cbj/fy2006/51139.htm

U.S. Department of State. "2005 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: South America," Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Washington, D.C., (March, 2005).
Vol I Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2005/vol1/html/42363.htm
Vol II Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2005/vol2/

US Department of State. "International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2005 Budget Justification: Andean Counterdrug Initiative," Washington, D.C., (April, 2004).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/cbj/fy2005/41263.htm

U.S. Department of State. "International Narcotics Control Strategy Report," Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Washington, D.C., (March, 2004).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2003/vol1/html/29832.htm

U.S. Department of State. "Aerial Eradication of Illicit Coca and Opium Poppy in Colombia," (December 15, 2003).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/aeicc/c10854.htm

US Department of State. "International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2004 Budget Justification: Andean Counterdrug Initiative," Washington, D.C., (June, 2003).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/cbj/fy2004/21881.htm

U.S. Department of State. "Report to Congress [on] Certain Counternarcotics Activities in Colombia Submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of State Pursuant to Section 694 (b) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107-228) Prepared by the United States Department of State," (April, 2003).
Available at (2-16-2004):
http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/03041401.htm

U.S. Department of State. "International Narcotics Control Strategy Report for 2002," (March 1, 2003).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2002/pdf/

U.S. Department of State/Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos. Programas de Información Internacional. "Políticas y Programas de Estados Unidos contra las Drogas (INSCR 2003)," (Marzo, 2003).
Available at (9-1-2004): http://usinfo.state.gov/espanol/03031004.htm

U.S. Department of State. International Information Programs. "U.S. Releases Annual Narcotics Certification Report," (January, 2003).
Available at:
http://www.usis.it/file2003_01/alia/a3013106.htm

U.S. Department of State. "FY 2005 Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign Operations, Western Hemisphere."
Available at (8-31-2004): http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/28980.pdf

U.S. Department of State. "United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) Indictment," Remarks by John Ashcroft, Attorney General, at AUC Indictment Press Conference, Washington, DC (September 24, 2002).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rm/2002/13663.htm

US Department of State. "International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2003 Budget Justification: Andean Counterdrug Initiative," Washington, D.C., (May, 2002).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/cbj/fy2003/10559.htm

U.S. Department of State. "Informe del Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos sobre la Estrategia Internacional para el Control de Narcóticos (Bolivia)," La Paz (Marzo 1, 2002).
Available at (8-27-2003): http://bolivia.usembassy.gov/CertificacionBoliviaesp2002.htm

U.S. Department of State. "International Narcotics Control Strategy Report for 2001," (March 1, 2002).
Available at (1-23-2005): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2001/c6085.htm

US Department of State. "International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2002 Budget Justification: Andean Counterdrug Initiative," Washington, D.C., (May, 2001).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/cbj/fy2002/3701.htm

U.S. Department of State. "Under Secretary Pickering on his Trip to Colombia," Special Briefing by Thomas R. Pickering, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, Office of the Spokesman, Washington, DC (November 27, 2000).
Available at (4-4-2005): http://www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/2000/001127_pickering_colombia.html

U.S. Department of State. "Barry McCaffrey, Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Thomas R. Pickering, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, and Guillermo Fernandez de Soto, Foreign Minister of Colombia," Press Conference at Casa de Narino, Bogota, Colombia (November 20, 2000).
Available at (4-4-2005): http://www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/2000/001120_mccaffrey_pressconf.html

U.S. Department of State. "Regional Implications of Plan Colombia," Remarks by Barry R. McCaffrey, Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, at the Academia Diplomática de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (November 20, 2000).
Available at (4-4-2005): http://www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/colombia/001120_mccaffery_colombia.html

U.S. Department of State. "Majors List and The Certification Process," Fact Sheet released by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC (November 1, 2000).
Available at (4-4-2005): http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/fs_001101_cert_process.html

U.S. Department of State. "Press Briefing on the President's Narcotics Certification Decisions," Washington, DC (March 1, 2000).
Available at (9-3-2004): http://secretary.state.gov/www/statements/2000/000301a.html

U.S. Department of State. "Certification Decisions. Individual Statements of Explanation," 1999 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Washington, D.C., (March 1, 2000).
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Available at (9-3-2004): http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1998_narc_report/statements98_explan.html

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Available at (9-3-2004): http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1998_narc_report/index.html

U.S. Department of State. "28 Major Drug Producing and Drug Transit Countries (individual reports)," 1998 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Washington, D.C., (February, 1999).
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Available at (9-3-2004): http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1997_narc_report/index.html

U.S. Department of State. Cable. "Text of Human Rights End Use Monitoring Agreement," (August 2, 1997).
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Available at (9-3-2004): http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1996_narc_report/index.html

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Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col09.pdf

U.S. Department of State. Office of Inspector General. "Report of Audit: International Narcotics Control Programs in Peru and Bolivia," (March, 1989).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col04.pdf

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). "Disrupting the Market: Strategy, Implementation, and Results in Narcotics Source Countries," Statement of Rogelio E. Guevara, Chief of Operations, Drug Enforcement Administration, before The U.S. Congress House Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, Washington, D.C., (July 9, 2003).
Available at (9-9-2004): http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/cngrtest/ct070903.htm

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). "Drugs and Terrorism: A New Perspective," Drug Intelligence Brief (September, 2002).

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). "Changing Dynamics of Cocaine Production in the Andean Region," Drug Intelligence Brief (June, 2002).

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). "The Drug Trade in Colombia: A Threat Assessment," (March, 2002).

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). "The South American Cocaine Trade:
An "Industry" in Transition," (June, 1996).

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Drug Intelligence Report. "Insurgent Involvement in the Colombian Drug Trade," (June, 1994).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col33.pdf

U.S. Embassy: Bolivia. "Informe del Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos de Norte América sobre la Estrategia Internacional para el Control de Narcóticos," La Paz, Bolivia (Marzo 1, 2004).
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U.S. Embassy: Colombia. Cable. "Request for Training Plan and Phaseout Timeline for DynCorp Operations in Colombia," (April 22, 1998).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col42.pdf

U.S. Embassy: Colombia. Cable. "Aerial Eradication Division Resumes Spray Operations: Tactics, Training, and What to Expect," (February 7, 1997).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col38.pdf

U.S. Embassy Colombia. Cable. "NAS/GOC Aerial Drug Eradication Program," (September 26, 1996).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col36.pdf

U.S. Embassy: Colombia. Cable. "The Proposed Sale of UH-60L Helicopters to Colombia," (July 12, 1996).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col43.pdf

U.S. Embassy: Peru. "Summary of Meetings with Study Commission from the Office of National Drug Control Policy," Memorandum, Hamilton, John R. Assistant Deputy Chief of Mission (March 31, 1989).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col05.pdf

U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO - Ex General Accounting Office, Name Change: July 7, 2004). "Agencies Need to Plan for Likely Decline in Drug Interdiction Assets, and Develop Better Performance Measures for Transit Zone Operations," Report to Congressional Committees, Washington, D.C., (November, 2005).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/051115gao.pdf

U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO - Ex General Accounting Office, Name Change: July 7, 2004). "Air Bridge Denial Program has Implemented New Safeguards, but Its Effect on Drug Trafficking is not Clear," Report to Congressional Requesters, Washington, D.C., (September 6, 2005).
Available at (3-20-2006): http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/050906gao.pdf

U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO - Ex General Accounting Office, Name Change: July 7, 2004). "Aviation Program Safety Concerns in Colombia are Being Addressed, but State's Planning and Budgeting Process can be Improved," Report to the Honorable Charles E. Grassley, Chairman, Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S, Senate, Washington, D.C., (July, 2004).
Available at (9-9-2004): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04918.pdf

U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO - Ex General Accounting Office, Name Change: July 7, 2004). "U.S. Nonmilitary Assistance to Colombia Is Beginning to Show Intended Results, but Programs Are Not Readily Sustainable," Report to the Honorable Charles E. Grassley, Chairman, Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S, Senate, Washington, D.C., (July, 2004).
Available at (9-9-2004): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04726.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Financial and Management Challenges Continue to Complicate Efforts to Reduce Illicit Drug Activities in Colombia," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (June 2003).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/atext/d03820t.txt

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Specific Performance Measures and Long-Term Costs for U.S. Programs in Colombia Have Not Been Developed," U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., (June 2003). Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/atext/d03783.txt

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Illicit Narcotics: Recent Efforts to Control Chemical Diversion and Money Laundering," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (March, 2003).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://161.203.16.4/d14t3/150421.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Difficulties in Measuring Costs and Results of Transit Zone Interdiction Efforts," Washington, D.C., (2002).
Available at (8-27-2004): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0213.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Efforts to Develop Alternatives to Cultivating Illicit Crops in Colombia Have Made Little Progress and Face Serious Obstacles," Washington, DC, USA (February, 2002).
Available at (2-15-2006): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02291.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: The Department of State's Contract Award for its Counternarcotics Aviation Program," U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., (February, 2001).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01435r.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: U.S. Assistance to Colombia Will Take Years to Produce Results," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (October, 2000).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0126.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: U.S. Efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean," Washington, D.C., (February 18, 2000).
Available at (10-12-2004): http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-00-90R

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Assets DOD Contributes to Reducing the Illegal Drug Supply Have Declined," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (December, 1999).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/ns00009.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "DEA's Strategies and Operations in the 1990's," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (July, 1999).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/archive/1999/gg99108.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Narcotics Threat from Colombia Continues to Grow," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (June, 1999).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/archive/1999/ns99136.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Update on U.S.-Mexican Counternarcotics Activities," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (March, 1999).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/archive/1999/ns99098t.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Update on U.S.-Mexican Counterdrug Efforts," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (February, 1999).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/archive/1999/ns99086t.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office. "Drug Control: U.S.-Mexican Counternarcotics Efforts Face Difficult Challenges," Washington, D.C., (June, 1998).
Available at (8-27-2004): http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/report/gao/nsiad-98-154.htm

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Long-Standing Problems Hinder U.S. International Efforts," Washington, D.C., (February, 1997).

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Update on U.S. Interdiction Efforts in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (October, 1997).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/ns98030.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Terrorism and Drug Trafficking: Technologies for Detecting Explosives and Narcotics," Washington, D.C., (September, 1996).

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: U.S. Antidrug efforts in Peru's Upper Huallaga Valley: Report to Congressional Requesters," The Office, Washington, D.C., (December 7, 1994).
Available at (5-5-2004): http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=gao&docid=f:ns95011.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: U.S. Counterdrug Activities in Central America," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (August, 1994).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://161.203.16.4/t2pbat2/152263.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: U.S. Drug Interdiction Issues in Latin America," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (October, 1994).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://161.203.16.4/t2pbat2/152665.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Interdiction Efforts in Central America Have Had Little Impact on the Flow of Drugs," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (August, 1994).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://161.203.16.4/t2pbat2/152296.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO), National Security and International Affairs Division. "Drug Control in Peru," The Office, Washington, D.C., (1994).

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Heavy Investment in Military Surveillance is Not Paying Off," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (September, 1993).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://161.203.16.4/d49t13/150028.pdf

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Control: Increased Interdiction and Its Contribution to the War on Drugs," Washington, D.C., (February, 1993).

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). "Drug Policy and Agriculture: U.S. Trade Impacts to Alternative Crops to Andean Coca," U.S. General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division, Washington, D.C., (October, 1991).
Available at (05-04-2004): http://161.203.16.4/t2pbat7/145299.pdf

U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. "Joint Counterdrug Operations," Washington, D.C., (1998).
Available at (8-26-2004): http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/new_pubs/jp3_07_4.pdf

U.S. National Security Council, National Security Directive 18. "International Counternarcotics Strategy," (August 21, 1989).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col13.pdf

U.S. National Security Council. Interagency Working Group Draft. "Strategy for Narcotics Control in the Andean Region," (June 30, 1989).
Available at (4-23-2004): http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/col11.pdf

U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy. "The National Drug Control Strategy, 2003," Washington, D.C., (February, 2003). También disponible en Español: "Estrategia Nacional para el Control de las Drogas," Washington, D.C., (Febrero, 2003).
Available in English at (10-12-2004): http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs03/index.html
Disponible en Español en (10-12-2004): http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs03_sp/index.html

U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy. "ONDCP Circular: Andean Counterdrug Initiative Semi-Annual Financial Reporting Requirements," (April, 2002).
Available at (8-31-2004): http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/policy/budget2002/andean_toc.html

U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy. "The National Drug Control Strategy, 2002," Washington, D.C., (February, 2002). También disponible en Español: "Estrategia Nacional para el Control de las Drogas, 2002" Washington, D.C., (Febrero, 2002).
Available in English at (10-12-2004): http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/03ndcs/index.html
Disponible en Español en (10-12-2004): http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/03ndcs_sp/index.html

U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy. "The National Drug Control Strategy, 1998: A Ten Year Plan," Washington, D.C., (1998).

U.S. President. The White House. "National Drug Control Strategy 2004," (March, 2004). También disponible en Español: "Estrategia Nacional para el Control de las Drogas 2004," (Marzo, 2004).
Available in English at (8-31-2004):
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs04/2004ndcs.pdf
Disponible en Español en (8-31-2004): http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs04sp/ndcs04sp.pdf

U.S. President. The White House. "Report Relating to the Interdiction of Aircraft Engaged in Illicit Drug Trafficking," Communication from the President of the United States, Referred to the Committee on International Relations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., (February 24, 2004).
Available at (6-4-2004): http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS45569

U.S. President. The White House. "La Iniciativa Regional Andina de Estados Unidos," Resumen Ejecutivo, (Abril 21, 2001).
Available at (5-24-2005): http://www.observatorioandino.org.co/docs/iniciativaregionalandina.pdf

Veillette, Connie. "Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY 2005 Assistance," CRS Report for Congress (December 9, 2004).
Available at (5-14-2005): http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl32337.pdf


Colombian Government
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Alvarado R. Luis Eduardo, Andrés Vergara Ballén and Yilberto Lahuerta Percipiano. "Aproximación Metodológica y Cuantitativa de los costos Generados por el Problema de las Drogas Ilícitas en Colombia 1995-2002," Documento 185, Dirección Nacional de Estupefacientes, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Colombia (Abril 25, 2002).

Colombia, Office of the President of the Republic. "Plan Colombia. Plan for Peace, Prosperity and the Strengthening of the State," October, 1999.

Dirección Nacional de Estupefacientes de Colombia, Subdirección de Asuntos Regionales y Erradicación. "Los Cultivos Ilícitos en Colombia," (2004).
Available at (11-1-2004): http://www.cultivosilicitoscolombia.gov.co/documentos/CultivosIlicitos/CultivosIlicitos.htm

Dirección Nacional de Estupefacientes de Colombia, Subdirección de Asuntos Regionales y Erradicación. "Tendencias de los Cultivos Ilícitos de Coca en el Departamento de Guaviare," (Marzo, 2004).
Available at (11-1-2004): http://www.cultivosilicitoscolombia.gov.co/documentos/Guaviare/tendencias_guaviare.htm

Dirección Nacional de Estupefacientes de Colombia, Subdirección de Asuntos Regionales y Erradicación. "Consideraciones de Extensión de los Cultivos de Amapola en el Departamento de Nariño," (Noviembre, 2003).
Available at (11-1-2004): http://www.cultivosilicitoscolombia.gov.co/documentos/Amapola/amapola_en_narino.htm

International Documents
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Comunidad Andina, Secretaría General. "Ley de Promoción Comercial Andina y Erradicación de las Drogas," Síntesis elaborada por la Secretaría General de la Comunidad Andina, (Noviembre 16, 2001).
Available at (5-24-2005): http://www.observatorioandino.org.co/docs/atpea.pdf

Eastman, Jorge Mario and Rubén Sánchez David. "El Narcotráfico en la Región Andina," Parlamento Andino: ONU-UNDCP, Santafé de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, (1992).

United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime. "Colombia. Coca Survey for 2002," Preliminary Report (March, 2003).
Available at (6-4-2004): http://www.unodc.org/pdf/colombia/report_2003-03-01_1.pdf

United Nations, International Drug Control Programme. "Economic and Social Consequences of Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking," UNDCP Technical Series, 6 (1997).
Available at (7-30-2004): http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1998-01-01_1.pdf